New study reveals serious flaws in OECD’s tax evasion crackdown

PRESS RELEASE

March 13, 2012 - The Tax Justice Network has today published a report on the OECD’s Global Forum peer review process, the main mechanism for assessing the effectiveness of Tax Information Exchange Agreements (TIEAs).

Our findings conflict with claims made by the OECD that its TIEAs represent the new international standard on transparency in international tax affairs.

At the time of writing, for instance, the OECD is running a 'black, white and grey' list of jurisdictions, according to its 'internationally agreed tax standard. The blacklist is empty. The grey list consists of three jurisdictions - Nauru, Niue and Guatemala. On this measure, everyone else is clean! Including some of the world's dirtiest secrecy jurisdictions, such as Panama, the British Virgin Islands and the UAE (Dubai.)

The report, entitled Creeping Futility of the Global Forum’s Peer Reviews, written by Markus Meinzer, has established that:

• The Global Forum's standards and peer reviews help tax administrations to improve the handling of cases of tax evasion that are already known, but the overall impact is marginal.
  
  
• By ruling out the much better and already widely practiced alternative of automatic information exchange, the massive problem of undetected tax evasion and illicit financial flows remains unaddressed by the Global Forum process.
  
  
• Relevant information held by accountants and lawyers representing individuals and companies suspected of tax evasion can be withheld or subjected to lengthy appeals through the TIEA process. This limits the relevance of peer reviews.
  
  
• The peer review process does not drill down to assess whether tax authorities can establish the beneficial owner of assets, because the OECD standard is satisfied if mere legal ownership of foreign companies is recorded. Frequently, the legal owner is a front hiding the true beneficial owner.
  
  
• The Global Forum allows its country members to demand money to pay for the costs of providing it with the requested information. This is particularly hard for developing countries; it is morally flawed, riddled with uncertainties and the Global Forum does nothing to address it.
  
  
• The information contained in peer review reports is very narrowly focused; there is no systematic analysis of public registries or of routine reporting (where, for instance, financial institutions are required to report about interest payments).
  
  
• The OECD peer review is conducted in two phases. The first assesses legal and administrative compliance, and the second claims to assess information exchange practices. But there are no transparent criteria for initiating the phase two review and some countries are simultaneously assessed for Phase 1 and Phase 2 with no clear explanation.
  
  
• The peer review process and the standards impose obligations and costs on many developing countries that are based on hypothetical and improbable situations in which a non-resident (say, a German) would use a bank account (in, say, Nigeria) for evading German taxes. Usually, the flows would be in the other direction; in this particular situation there is little benefit in Nigeria's peer review.
  
  
• The OECD does not allow civil society to be involved in the peer review process, limiting their usefulness.
  

The report’s author, Markus Meinzer said:

“It is remarkable to see how a flawed standard, created by notorious secrecy jurisdictions such as Bermuda, Cayman Islands and Mauritius together with OECD’s tax havens in 2001/2002, are still so prominent. With those standards as its backbone, the G20's famous crackdown on financial secrecy remains a farce. We need to get serious about clamping down on cross-border tax evasion.

In this respect, the OECD and the Global Forum are not fit for purpose.

We urgently need automatic tax information exchange and country-by-country reporting as minimum criteria to define effective tax cooperation.”

John Christensen, the director of Tax Justice Network, said:

“The Global Forum has wasted a golden opportunity for tackling tax havens. They set the standards too low, then followed the time-worn approach of having a flawed peer review process. The Global Forum now needs to bring independent experts from civil society into the reviews to both strengthen the standards and rebuild the credibility of the entire process.”

Read more about transparency and information exchange here.
For more information, please call:

Markus Meinzer: +49 6421 301 9517 or +49 178 340 5673
John Christensen: +44 (0) 7979 868 302


Notes To Editors

1. The Tax Justice Network stated last November that $3.1tn of tax, equivalent to 5.1% of global GDP, is illegally evaded in 145 countries, covering 98.2% of the world's population. In December, Washington-based thinktank Global Financial Integrity estimated that developing countries lost $903bn in illicit outflows in 2009.
   
   
2. The Tax Justice Network is a civil society organisation with members on five continents campaigning for taxation justice around the world. Its international secretariat is based in London. For further information visit our website at www.taxjustice.net or call our international coordinator on the number above.
   
   
3. The Global Forum is led by the OECD. Its task is to promote cooperation and information exchange among tax administration. It was formed in 2000/2001 under the OECD’s Harmful Tax Practices Project. Its first activity generated its Tax Information Exchange Agreement (TIEA) published in 2002. Of its TIEA, the OECD said: "The Model Agreement was developed by the Global Forum Working Group on Effective Exchange of Information which consisted of representatives from OECD countries and delegates from Aruba, Bermuda, Bahrain, Cayman Islands, Cyprus, Isle of Man, Malta, Mauritius, the Netherlands Antilles, the Seychelles and San Marino."
   
   
4. Markus Meinzer is an applied researcher and analyst for the Tax Justice Network (TJN) International Secretariat. Based in Germany, he co-author's TJN's German language blog.